Electrical coil and conductor



(NuModeL);

v E. WESTON. V

" ELECTRICAL GOIL' ANDOO ND UGTORL Patented Apr. 17,

WITNESSES:

Br- Y ATTORNEY" N. PETERS. PhnhrLilhognlphcr, Washingwm DC- N'IIED STATES PATENT/cra EDWARD I wn sron, or: NEWARK, NEW JERSEY;

ELECTRICAL con. AND CONDUCTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 381,305, dated April 1'2, 1888.. Application filed October 13, 1 885. Renewed June 18, 1886. Again renewed December 14, 188'! SerialNo. 257,906. (No model.) v

v To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that, I, EDWARD W-EsToN,a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, and a resident of Newark, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electrical Coils and Conductors, of which the following is a specification, reference being bad tothe drawings accompanying and forming a part of the same.

There are a great many electrical devices containing 'long lengths of conductor, usually in the form of coils or in con volutions, through which in the use or application of theinstrument the current is passed, and in which it is desirable,and often extremely important,

. topreservea constant or uniform resistance.

This is frequently a matter of the greatest difficulty, inasmuch as a strong current is apt to raise the temperature of the conductor,

.which,.with all conductors heretofore used,

In fact, the resistance of all such instruments variesoperates to increase its resistance.

I with the temperature of the coils or conductremedy for this is extremely desirable, as it.

would add greatly'to the value and efficiency of every instrument to which it is applied. I am enabled to provide this remedy by availing. myself of the discoveries which I have made that the metal manganese imparts a very high electrical resistance to alloysinto which it enters as a constituent, and has the further remarkable property of rendering the electrical resistance of such alloys nearly or quite constant under varying conditions of temperature. I therefore make the coils or conduct ors of electrical measuring-instruments of a metallic alloy containing manganese. An alloy of. manganese with copper produces a com ductor which is of great excellence for my purpose. -This alloy is made by the common pro- 7 use in the proportions of copper, seventy parts;

cess of melting the two metals, but in prac tice I prefer to employ ferro-manganese on account .of its greater cheapness, andthisI ferro-manganese, thirty parts, or thereabout. This alloy is capable of being'rolled and drawn, and is made up into wire in the usual way. This wire I use either-bare or covered'in making the coils or helices of the instruments above referred to.

In the drawings I have shown various'forms .of coil to which the invention is ad vant-a geously applied. f I 4 f Figure 1 is a common form of artificial resistance, consistingof a bare wire, A, woundon insulating-rods B. This wire, when made of copper and manganese or its equivalent, does not vary in'electrical resistance, however much it may become heated-from thepassage of the current, or from other, sources Fig. 2 is an ordinary form of electro-magnet, such as might be used in a regulator; Fig. 3, an ordinary formof helix audcore, typical of l the many forms of electro-magnet usedin in- 7 5 dicators, meters, and the like. Fig.v 4 isa set of coils such as appear in galvanometers.v

In all these cases, by making the coils of the alloy above described, the resultof con-- stant resistance for varying temperatures is obtained, whereby much labor in adjustment 7 and computation may be saved .inthe practi- I cal use of the instrument. The exact proportions of the metals used may vary somewhat; but while I have found that the addition of manganese or ferro-manganese in any propor: tion to copper is an advantage, so far as preserving a constant resistance is -concerned,'I find that the best results are obtained by the use of about seventy parts of copper to thirty 9o offerro-manganese. Thisalloy as a new com position of matter I donot claim herein, hav-r ing made the same subjectof another applica- 7 tion of even date herewith; but inasmuch as y it possesses peculiar and unforeseenadvan- 5 tages' in the construction or composition of the instruments herein enumerated I now'claim. it as applied to such. f

What I claim is- 1 1. A coil 'or conductor wound in convolulOO tions composed of an alloy of manganese and 7 copper or its equivalent. a

2. A coilor conductor wound in convoluan alloy of copper and manganese or its equivtions composed of copper and ferro-manganese, alent. in the proportions of seventy parts of copper and thirty parts of ferrmmanganese. 5 3. A rheostat, resistance, or other electrical Witnesses:

instrument of the kinds herein described, the RICHARD WM. BLOEMEKE, coils or conductors of which are composed of FRANK N. CRANE.

EDWARD WESTON. 

